Development concept
Sustainable development is a UN term that aims to develop the natural and human resources of the planet and to improve its socio-economic use, provided that it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Sustainable development .. In this term, the United Nations has charted the environmental and economic development map to improve the living conditions of every individual in society, without excessive use of natural resources, which carry the planet overstretched.
Sustainable development is not a burden; it is a unique opportunity that allows economically to create markets and open doors. Socially, it ensures that marginalized people are integrated into the mainstream of society. Politically, it is done to give every man or woman a voice and ability to choose to challenge his future. .
The concept of sustainable development covers three main areas: "economic growth, conservation of natural resources and the environment and social development". One of the most important challenges facing the challenge of poverty eradication is through the promotion of balanced production and consumption patterns.
Stages of development of the concept of sustainable development
The concept of "sustainable development" was first used in the late 1980s and was officially referred to in the 1987 report "Our Common Future" by the World Commission on Environment and Development. The Commission was formed by a resolution of the United Nations General Assembly in December 1983, Brundtland, "the Prime Minister of Norway, and the membership of 22 personalities from the political elite and economic ruling the world, in order to continue global economic growth without the need to make radical changes in the structure of the global economic system.
The concept of "development" emerged after the Second World War, many countries gained their political independence, and the great capitalist states launched the term "third world countries." They justified the use of this term by the suffering of these countries from poverty and ignorance because of the problem of "backwardness" And then put the concept of "development" as a tool through which these three world countries can go beyond "backwardness" and join the developed countries.
The concept of "sustainable development" came back to us in the early 1990s through the Johannesburg Declaration, which was attended by United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan and formally adopted at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, Used by Ban Ki-moon as an alternative to the Millennium Values project that Secretary-General Kofi Annan had already proposed in the approach to the year 2000.
Dimensions of sustainable development
The Earth Summit Sustainable Development Commission published a book on sustainable development indicators, which included about 130 indicators classified into four main categories, economic, social, environmental and technical.
Technical dimension
In recent years, ICT has played a major role in promoting the concept of sustainable development, strengthening R & D activities to improve the performance of private enterprises, leading to new institutional patterns that include cities and incubators of technology, stimulating economic growth, generating new jobs and reducing poverty, Plans and programs aimed at transforming society into an information society and working towards global goals such as the Millennium Development Goals.
Communication has also played a major role in achieving sustainable development. With the evaluation of some experiences in rural Third World, rural radio for community development and multimedia has helped train farmers and led the Internet to connect researchers, educators, guides and producer groups with each other and with sources Which helped to improve agricultural productivity, food security and rural livelihoods.
Environmental dimension
Sustainable development aims to achieve a number of environmental objectives, including the rational use of depletable resources, to leave an environment similar to that of future generations, for lack of alternatives to those resources and to take into account the limited capacity of the environment to absorb waste, with a precise definition of the quantity to be used by each resource Resources.
Economic dimension
Sustainable development for rich countries aims at sustained cuts in energy and natural resource consumption levels, which are many times higher in rich countries than in poor countries. Energy consumption from oil, gas and coal in the United States is 33 times higher than in India.
Social dimension
The process of sustainable development includes human development aimed at improving the level of health care and education, as well as the participation of communities in decision-making that affects their lives, as well as the element of justice, equity and equality. There are two types of equity here: the equity of future generations whose interests must be taken into consideration; the second type is the equity of those living today who do not have equal access to natural resources and social services; development aims to help non-economic sectors Formal education, improved education opportunities, and health care for women.
Indicators of sustainable development
With a clearer vision of the concept and scope, there was a need to develop indicators for sustainable development enables us to measure the interaction between the economic, social, environmental and institutional variables. In this context, we have 6 packs of indicators, it can be summarized as follows:
Institutional indicators
Means the extent to which governmental institutions have the organizational structures capable of performing their functions in the service of their communities, the role of non-governmental organizations, the extent to which they have a role in the development of their societies, and the extent to which the private sector is represented in companies operating in different areas
